Interstitial Cystitis Diet: What to Eat & What to Avoid

No one knows exactly what causes interstitial cystitis, but inflammation certainly plays a role. (Cystitis is inflammation of the bladder.) Autoimmunity, injuries or surgeries, infection, and cross-talk with other pelvic organs may all contribute to inflammatory IC as well.

An interstitial cystitis diet is one of the primary ways patients can control inflammation and, thus, their IC flare-ups. Diet can even help cure the root cause of interstitial cystitis.

What is the best diet for interstitial cystitis? The best diet for interstitial cystitis excludes inflammatory foods and includes anti-inflammatory foods. IC patients may want to try an elimination diet with a healthcare professional to see which foods aggravate their symptoms.

Understanding the nuances of diet and curing IC at its root cause is a specialty here at PrimeHealth in Denver, CO. Our doctors would love to work with you to diagnose and treat your autoimmune issues for good.

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Foods to Avoid

Many foods can trigger interstitial cystitis flare-ups. Some foods, like nightshades, acidic foods, spicy foods, artificial sweeteners, and soy, cause more widespread symptoms. It’s essential to find the foods that have a negative effect on your unique symptoms.

Certain beverages can also exacerbate IC symptoms, including acidic drinks, carbonated drinks, and alcohol.

Studies have found a strong link between the foods IC patients eat and their symptoms. One 2007 study reported that over 90% of participants experienced stronger symptoms after eating certain foods.

What foods cause IC flare-ups? Some foods that cause IC flare-ups include:

• Nightshade vegetables like tomatoes, bell peppers, potatoes, and eggplants
• Acidic foods, including tomatoes (and tomato-based sauces) and fruits high in citric acid like citrus fruits such as grapefruit
• Acidic drinks and juices, including cranberry juice
• Artificial sweeteners like aspartame (NutraSweet), saccharin, and acesulfame potassium
• Spicy foods and foods that contain hot peppers or horseradish
• Soy products, like soybeans, tofu, soy sauce, and certain dairy substitutes
• Onions
• Artificial preservatives
• Acidic dairy products like yogurt, cream cheese, and sour cream
• Foods that contain monosodium glutamate (MSG)
• Coffee, tea, and other caffeinated beverages
• Soda and other carbonated drinks
• Alcoholic drinks
• Chocolate, particularly dark chocolate (including chocolate ice cream)
• Gluten, which can cause inflammation if you have a sensitivity to it

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One drink on the “avoid” list that might surprise you is cranberry juice. Most people think cranberry juice is bladder-friendly because of its reputation as a treatment for mild UTIs. But, it’s very acidic, which can exacerbate bladder symptoms in patients with interstitial cystitis.

It’s important to read food labels carefully, particularly for additives and ingredients like artificial sweeteners, which frequently sneak into foods like salad dressings and low-calorie desserts.

Every person is different, so your food sensitivities may differ from other IC patients’ triggers. That’s why an elimination diet can be beneficial. Elimination diets help you learn what foods you can tolerate and which foods are triggers for a flare-up.

Foods to Eat

While the list above can aggravate symptoms of interstitial cystitis, some anti-inflammatory foods can improve them. It’s often harder for IC patients to tell which foods positively affect their symptoms, but a few foods are consistently used to promote bladder health. 

The best diet to promote bladder health and improve IC symptoms will include:

• Water: Drinking enough water helps you void your bladder regularly.
• Chamomile and peppermint tea: Chamomile tea and peppermint tea promote bladder health.
• Vegetables: Leafy green vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, root vegetables, gourds (including squash and cucumber)
• Low-acid fruit: Pears, bananas, blueberries, melons
• Garlic and turmeric: Garlic and turmeric are anti-inflammatory spices that promote urinary health

These anti-inflammatory, bladder-friendly foods and beverages are typically safe bets for IC patients.

What are some IC diet tips? Some IC diet tips are keeping a food and symptom log (to track potential trigger foods) and avoiding foods and drinks that commonly cause IC symptoms. It’s also a good idea to try an elimination diet to find the specific foods that worsen your symptoms.

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Supplements for an Interstitial Cystitis Diet

Calcium glycerophosphate (Prelief) and sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) have shown consistent success in treating IC. Multiple studies have shown these supplements help improve IC symptoms, particularly when taken with flare-inducing foods.

Other supplements that may help with interstitial cystitis include:

•  L-Arginine: L-arginine stimulates the body to make more nitric oxide, which seems to be produced in smaller quantities in patients with IC. Studies also show that L-arginine supplements can alleviate IC symptoms.
• Aloe: Aloe contains glycosaminoglycans, which are part of the bladder’s protective lining, often malformed or damaged in IC patients. Preliminary evidence suggests aloe supplements may effectively treat IC.
• Fish oil: Fish oil contains anti-inflammatory omega-3 fatty acids, which help treat the bladder inflammation that’s the hallmark of interstitial cystitis.
• CBD: CBD oil is used as an effective treatment for comorbid conditions like fibromyalgia and anxiety and can also treat interstitial cystitis. CBD can also treat the pain associated with IC.
• Probiotics: A significant percentage of IC patients report that taking a probiotic helps their symptoms.
• Curcumin: Curcumin, one of the most potent bioactive compounds in turmeric, is a potent anti-inflammatory agent. New studies show that curcumin can help treat the inflammation that leads to interstitial cystitis and its symptoms.
• Boswellia: Boswellia supplements can help heal the lining of the bladder and ease IC symptoms. 

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What to Eat During IC Flare-Ups

During an IC flare-up, try to eat an IC diet that promotes bladder and urinary health. Eat a rainbow of fresh fruits and vegetables, avoiding high-acid fruits, tomatoes, and onions. 

The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds in fruits and vegetables will help fight inflammation causing the flare-up.

What foods can be eaten during an IC flare-up? Foods that can be eaten during an IC flare-up include most vegetables (just avoid tomatoes, onions, and spicy peppers), fruits with low citric acid, and lean meats. Some patients can also tolerate low-acid dairy (natural cheese and milk).

Food is medicine. The foods you eat can be used to treat many chronic health issues, including irritable bowel syndrome, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), and gut dysbiosis. Diet can even be used to treat cognitive decline. Interstitial cystitis is no different.

Example IC Meal Plan

Crafting a meal plan that uses ingredients suitable for interstitial cystitis (IC) is important. Here’s an example of the best interstitial cystitis diet:

Breakfast: Quinoa Breakfast Bowl

• Quinoa cooked in water or a suitable low-acid liquid
• Mix in 1-2 tablespoons of hemp seeds and pumpkin seeds
• Top with sliced banana and a drizzle of almond butter
• Serve with a small portion of non-citrus fruits like melon or blueberries, or a hard-boiled egg for extra protein

Lunch: Grilled Chicken and Vegetable Salad

• Grilled chicken breast & green beans seasoned with IC-friendly herbs and spices
• Mixed green salad with cucumbers, carrots, and radishes
• Dress the salad with olive oil and a pinch of salt

Snack: Greek Yogurt Parfait

• Plain Greek yogurt, which is generally well-tolerated by many with IC
• Layer with sliced kiwi or other non-citrus fruits
• Optionally, add a sprinkle of IC-friendly granola for crunch

Dinner: Baked Salmon with Quinoa and Steamed Zucchini

• Baked salmon seasoned with herbs like dill or parsley
• Quinoa as a side, cooked in a low-acid liquid like water
• Steamed zucchini with a touch of olive oil and a pinch of salt

Dessert: Baked Pears with Cinnamon

• Baked pears with a sprinkle of cinnamon for a naturally sweet treat
• Consider adding a dollop of non-dairy whip topping or plain Greek yogurt, if tolerated.

Remember, individual tolerances can vary, so it’s essential to pay attention to how your body reacts to different foods.

Symptoms of Interstitial Cystitis

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic bladder condition characterized by pelvic pain, bladder pain, urinary frequency, urinary urgency, and bladder pressure. It’s also known as painful bladder syndrome.

The different types of IC are ulcerative IC and non-ulcerative IC. Ulcerative IC patients develop painful Hunner’s ulcers on the inner surface of the bladder. Non-ulcerative IC patients form tiny hemorrhages on the bladder wall.

According to the Interstitial Cystitis Association, about 9 out of 10 cases of IC are non-ulcerative. Regardless of the type of IC, your IC diet can make a profound impact on your symptoms.

The symptoms of interstitial cystitis can be painful and difficult to manage. Some of the most common symptoms of interstitial cystitis include:

• Pelvic pain
• Feeling a strong or frequent urge to urinate
• Weak pelvic floor muscles
• Pain in the perineum
• Autoimmune rashes

Many of these IC symptoms are also experienced by patients with urinary tract infections. However, UTIs are caused by bacteria and clear up after a course of antibiotics. IC does not. 

People with interstitial cystitis are also likely to have a comorbid condition such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia, endometriosis, or vulvodynia. It is also likely to have coexisting autoimmune disorders such as lupus or dermatomyositis.

IC patients experience significant disruptions in their everyday routine during flare-ups, which is why healthcare providers often focus on preventing flares from occurring.

Eating Out with Interstitial Cystitis

Eating out should be a joy and not a stressor. With a bit of planning and openness, you can make sure your dining experience is both enjoyable and IC-friendly. Here are some friendly tips to help you enjoy dining out with confidence:

Research in Advance

Before heading out, take a few moments to scan the restaurant’s menu online. Look for IC-friendly options like grilled meats, simple salads without acidic dressings, and steamed or roasted vegetables. Call ahead if necessary to clarify any ingredient concerns.

Communicate Clearly

When you arrive, don’t hesitate to chat with your waiter. Mention your interstitial cystitis diet needs in a clear, friendly manner—most places are happy to accommodate special requests. You might say something like, “I have a condition that requires me to avoid certain foods. Could you please ensure my dish is free from tomatoes, citrus juices, and spicy ingredients?”

Customize Your Order

Feel free to customize your meal—restaurants are usually quite flexible. Ask for sauces and dressings on the side so you can control the amount. Opt for grilled or baked entrees instead of fried dishes. Suggest simple preparations that avoid potential bladder irritants.

Pair with Safe Sides

Choose safe side dishes to accompany your meal. Steamed broccoli, a plain baked potato, or a side salad with oil and vinegar can often make a great addition. Avoid sides that contain spices, onions, or high-acid components.

Beverage Choices

Sticking to water is often the safest bet. If you crave something different, try herbal teas that don’t contain citrus or caffeine. Some restaurants might even offer low-acid juices—just be sure to ask!

Ask About Ingredients

When in doubt, simply ask! If a dish looks promising but you’re unsure about its ingredients, inquire if the restaurant can substitute or leave out problematic items. Many chefs enjoy the challenge of creating a dish that suits your needs.

Check for Hidden Ingredients

Some dishes may have hidden triggers, like subtle spices or acidic marinades. Asking questions about preparation methods can help you avoid unexpected flare-ups.

Managing Social Situations

Navigating social situations that involve food, like parties, gatherings, and family dinners, can seem challenging when you have special IC diet needs, but it doesn’t have to be a source of stress. Here are some practical and engaging strategies to help you enjoy these events while keeping your bladder happy:

Plan Ahead

A little preparation goes a long way. If you’re attending a party or family gathering, consider reaching out to the host in advance. You can politely explain your dietary modification and offer to bring a dish that’s both IC-friendly and shareable. This ensures you’ll have something safe to eat while sharing delicious food with others.

Be Your Own Advocate

Don’t be afraid to advocate for yourself. When you arrive at the event, take a moment to scan the food options. If you’re unsure about certain dishes, ask the host or server about the ingredients. Make a point of letting people know you’re managing a medical condition—it often helps them understand the importance of accommodating your needs.

Bring Safe Snacks

Carrying a stash of IC-friendly snacks can be a game-changer. Whether it’s nuts, sliced vegetables, or a small container of your favorite yogurt, having a backup plan ensures you won’t go hungry if the main offerings aren’t suitable for you.

Focus on Enjoyment

Remember, social events are about more than just the food—they’re about connecting with friends and family. Spend your time engaging in conversations, enjoying the atmosphere, and participating in activities. Keeping your focus on the social aspect can help distract from any food-related concerns.

Speak Up Politely

If someone offers you a dish that doesn’t fit your requirements for your IC diet, a simple and kind explanation is usually well-received. You can say something like, “Thank you so much! Unfortunately, my diet is a bit restricted due to a medical condition, but I really appreciate the offer.” Most people will understand and may even ask how they can help accommodate you in the future.

Stay Positive

Maintaining a positive attitude can set the tone for how others perceive your dietary modifications. Instead of viewing your restrictions as a hindrance, frame them as an opportunity to explore and share new, tasty, IC-friendly recipes. This can turn what might seem like a limitation into a fun culinary adventure.

Mindful Eating Practices

Mindful eating involves paying full attention to the experience of eating and drinking, both inside and outside of your body. For those managing interstitial cystitis (IC), this practice can be particularly beneficial by helping you hone in on how different foods affect your symptoms and overall well-being. Here are some techniques to embrace mindful eating and foster a positive relationship with food:

Tune Into Hunger and Fullness Cues

One of the first steps in mindful eating is listening to your body’s signals. Before you eat, take a moment to assess how hungry you are. Ask yourself questions like, “Am I eating because I’m hungry, or out of habit?” Similarly, while eating, notice when you begin to feel satisfied and give yourself permission to stop, even if there’s still food on your plate. This helps prevent overindulgence and makes you more aware of your body’s needs.

Savor Your Food

Engage all your senses while eating. Notice the colors, textures, and aromas of your food. Take small bites and chew slowly to truly experience the flavors. This not only enhances the enjoyment of your meals but also allows you to recognize which foods make you feel good and which might exacerbate your IC symptoms. Eating slowly can also help you notice when you’re full, reducing the chances of overeating.

Create a Pleasant Eating Environment

Reducing distractions during meals can help you focus on the act of eating. Try to eat at a table, away from electronic devices, and in a calm setting. A peaceful environment can make mealtime more enjoyable and allow you to tune into how your food makes you feel.

Cultivate Gratitude

Start your meal by taking a moment to appreciate the food in front of you. Consider the effort that went into growing, preparing, and cooking it. Gratitude practices can enhance your connection to the food you eat, making each meal a more holistic experience.

Check-in with Your Body

Periodically throughout your meal, pause and check in with your body. How are you feeling? Are you starting to feel full or satisfied? This practice can prevent overeating and help you make better food choices that align with your health needs.

Practice Self-Compassion

If you slip up and eat something that triggers your IC symptoms, be kind to yourself. Recognize that it’s a learning process, and each experience teaches you more about your body’s responses. Avoid negative self-talk and instead focus on what you can do better next time.

Explore New Recipes

Embrace your dietary restrictions as an opportunity to get creative in the kitchen. Experiment with IC-friendly recipes and see it as a chance to discover new favorite meals. Sharing your culinary discoveries with friends and family can enhance your relationship with food and make dining a social joy.

Stress Management and IC Symptoms

Stress and interstitial cystitis (IC) have a somewhat complicated relationship. For many, stress can act as a trigger, exacerbating IC symptoms and making the condition more challenging to manage. Your body’s response to stress often involves a cascade of physical changes, which can impact your bladder and cause discomfort. The good news is that managing stress can lead to significant improvements in your symptoms and overall quality of life.

Lifestyle Changes for Stress Reduction

Adopting certain lifestyle changes can play a crucial role in managing stress. Regular exercise, for instance, is a fantastic way to blow off steam and release endorphins, which are natural mood lifters. Aim for activities that you enjoy, whether it’s a brisk walk, yoga, or dancing in your living room. Also, ensure that you’re getting enough sleep. A well-rested body is much more equipped to handle stress, not to mention the fact that fatigue can heighten your IC symptoms.

Relaxation Techniques

Incorporating relaxation techniques into your daily regimen can make a world of difference. Breathing exercises, such as deep breathing or meditation, help lower your stress levels and can be done virtually anywhere. Progressive muscle relaxation, another effective method, involves tensing and then slowly relaxing each muscle group in your body, from your toes to the top of your head. Visualization or guided imagery, where you picture a peaceful scene, can also serve as a quick escape from the hustle and bustle of daily life.

Self-Care Practices

Don’t underestimate the power of self-care. Integrating small acts of kindness towards yourself can be immensely grounding. This might look like taking a warm bath with Epsom salts, reading a captivating book, or even journaling your thoughts and feelings. Carving out “me time” allows you to decompress and recalibrate, making you better equipped to handle stress.

Creating a Support System

Having a robust support system is invaluable. Surround yourself with people who understand your condition and can offer emotional support. Whether it’s friends, family, or a support group, sharing your experiences and hearing from others can alleviate feelings of isolation and stress. Don’t hesitate to ask for help when you need it; you might be surprised by how willing people are to support you.

Hydration and IC

Hydration is absolutely essential for bladder health, particularly when managing interstitial cystitis (IC). Drinking plenty of water helps to dilute your urine, which in turn can reduce irritation in the bladder. It’s like giving your bladder a nice, refreshing cleanse throughout the day. But let’s be real—plain water can get a bit boring. So, how can you keep your water intake enticing without reaching for sugary, acidic, or artificial options?

Hydration Tips for Bladder Health

Try to carry a water bottle with you everywhere you go. Make it a stylish accessory, something you actually want to tote around. This constant presence will remind you to sip regularly. Aim for at least eight glasses of water per day, but listen to your body; you might need more depending on your activity level and the climate you live in.

Flavoring Your Water Naturally

One of the simplest ways to jazz up your water is by infusing it with natural flavors. Think fresh herbs like mint or basil, which add a refreshing twist without compromising your bladder health. You can also toss in some cucumber slices or a few pieces of melon for a subtle sweetness.

For a berry-licious punch, add a handful of blueberries or raspberries. They may seem small, but they pack a flavor punch! If you’re feeling a bit more adventurous, try combinations like rosemary and peach or ginger and pear. These infusions keep your taste buds entertained while ensuring you’re getting that vital hydration.

Making Hydration Fun

Try setting hydration goals and rewards for yourself. Maybe every time you finish a bottle of water, you do a little happy dance, or allow yourself a five-minute break to relax and unwind. Join a hydration challenge with friends to make it more social and competitive—because who doesn’t love a little friendly competition?

Experiment with Temperature

Sometimes it’s not the taste of water that becomes monotonous, but the temperature. Experiment with sipping on warm or hot water during colder months, or add some ice cubes, even flavored ones made from your fruit and herb infusions, to keep things interesting.

The Bottom Line on an Interstitial Cystitis Diet

Elimination diets are more manageable if you work with a healthcare professional. A clinician experienced in treating patients with interstitial cystitis can guide you through a screening and treatment plan to quickly identify your food and other IC triggers so you can start feeling better.

At PrimeHealth, we specialize in helping our clients treat their medical conditions holistically. We work to treat the root cause of the problem, not the symptoms. In our practice, we combine dietary changes with other holistic approaches like physical therapy to eliminate IC symptoms.

If you’re located in Colorado, we can diagnose the root cause of your interstitial cystitis and discuss how we can work together to treat it with diet. Schedule your free phone consultation today to learn more about our IC treatment options.

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